Black shales.

The black shales contain a presumably authigenous mixed-layered illite-smectite mineral, rich in illite end-member, as is typical for thermally mature or overmature shales, whereas all OM features and composition (biomarkers, Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters, vitrinite reflectance) suggest that the sequence is thermally immature to early mature (Marynowski et al., 2011, Marynowski et al., 2017).[1] Profiles of Mo/total organic carbon (TOC) through the Lower Toarcian black shales of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, and the Posidonia shale of Germany and Switzerland reveal water mass restriction during the interval from late tenuicostatum Zone times to early bifrons Zone times, times which include that of the putative Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event.Pb–Pb dating of black shales and the sulfide ore bed from the Niutitang Formation yielded ages of 531 ± 24 Myr and 521 ± 54 Myr, respectively (Jiang et al., 2006). Jiang et al. (2009) reported a U–Pb zircon age of 532.3 ± 0.7 Myr for an ash bed a few meters below the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE ore layer in the Zhongnancun section ...We present δ60Ni values for black shales, determined by double-spike MC-ICP-MS. The samples comprise Paleoproterozoic Talvivaara Ni–Zn–Co–Cu black shales from Finland, Neoproterozoic black shales from the Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Czech Republic, Early Cambrian Ni–Mo-rich black shales from the Yangtze Craton, and Devonian …The black shales in this part of the Appalachian Basin are relatively immature (R o ∼0.5%) Rimmer et al., 1993, Curtis and Faure, 1997. There is little reason for concern about interpretation problems associated with the loss of carbon that accompanies thermal maturity (as discussed by Raiswell and Berner, 1987), thus S/C ratios may be …

The microscopic pore throat structure of shale reservoir rocks directly affects the reservoir seepage capacity. The occurrence and flow channels of shale gas are …

USGS Publications Warehouse. Tonight I will try to present to you the chief facts we have observed that have a bearing on the old problem of how the black shales originated. Some of the ideas have been used before, and some are new. Some of those that have been used before, have been used to support arguments for both shallow and deep water ...

The majority of black shale samples in the Dongyuemiao member show a positive correlation between porosity and T max when the T max ranges from ∼440°C to ∼465°C. This correlation consists of the tendency of Posidonia Shale (Type II) ( Han et al., 2017 ) and seems to suggest the thermally driven pore generation, e.g., the secondary OM pore.Black shale, channel sample 0.5 ft thick. Black shale, channel sample 0.4 ft thick. Do. Black shale, channel sample 1.4 ft thick. Phosphatic nodules, weathered; from whole exposure. Channel sample, 1 ft of black brittle shale; location in formation unknown; near base of about 15 ft expo­ sure. Channel sample, 2 in. of black, very hard shale ...Black shales deposited in transitional environments such as tidal and deltaic environments have high terrigenous OM input. The pore structure characteristics of bulk OM in these transitional shales should have intermediate values between oil-prone OM (Fig. 19) in shales and terrigenous OM in coals at a specific maturity. Therefore, the ...Summary. The Global Geochemical Database for Critical Metals in Black Shales (CMIBS) contains new geochemical data compilations for fine-grained sedimentary rocks in which each geologic material sample has one 'best value' determination for each analyzed species, greatly improving speed and efficiency of use (Granitto and others, 2013).Black shale is a dark-colored mudrock containing organic matter that may have generated hydrocarbons in the subsurface or that may yield hydrocarbons by pyrolysis. Many black shale units are enriched in metals severalfold above expected amounts in ordinary shale. Some black shale units have served as host rocks for syngenetic metal deposits.Black …

These black shales are not only rich in organic matter, but also undergone an unexpectedly low thermal evolution process, both of which contribute to well-preserved indigenous hydrocarbons and promote the convincing discovery of the Precambrian biology. The combination of the absence or low concentrations of gammacerane, dibenzothiophene series ...

These black shales are not only rich in organic matter, but also undergone an unexpectedly low thermal evolution process, both of which contribute to well-preserved indigenous hydrocarbons and promote the convincing discovery of the Precambrian biology. The combination of the absence or low concentrations of gammacerane, dibenzothiophene series ...

Black shale. This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page. A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite ), and often containing ...... black shales deposited at depths of about 500-1500 m on seamounts, Monteiro et al. (2012) have suggested that at least 50 vol% of the ocean was anoxic at ...A global compilation of Mo isotope data from black shales indicates that the Mo isotopic variations have a consistent temporal trend, reflecting the oxygen evolution of the oceans. Relatively light δ 98/95 Mo values of the Lower Cambrian black shales compared to those of modern euxinic sediments are indicative of more widespread …The black shales of the deeper sites correlate with pink to gray fissile marls in the shallowest section. In the two remaining sections, this stratigraphic interval is missing. A relative sea ...Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens. Based on their deposition environment, oil shales are classified as ...This interval has the following features: (1) High TOC and high siliceous content. The TOC content and siliceous content in the black shale of Long 1 1 1 in the Shuanghe section are 9.5% and 67.6%, respectively, which is much higher than those of other layers. The silicon in the Long 1 1 1 black shale is mainly of biogenic origin (Lu et al ...

(2001), based on a study of two black shale locations of Cretaceous age, suggested that organic carbon (Corg) absorption onto clay mineral surfaces is a major ...Black shales and massive sulfides represent reduced lithofacies that require isolation from oxic environments to be preserved. This, together with the sedimentary affinity of both lithofacies, can ...An early Cambrian black shale sequence found in several sites in South China is well known for containing various kinds of ores; for example, the nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) polymetallic deposits of Hunan and Guizhou provinces (Fig. 1) (Chen et al., 1982, Fan et al., 1973, Fan et al., 1984, Fan et al., 2004, Zeng, 1998).These polymetallic deposits have been of research interest since their ...The decay of 187 Re to 187 Os provides a tool for determining depositional ages of black shales. Re and Os concentrations and Os isotopic compositions of whole rock samples of the Bakken Shale, a Mississippian/Devonian boundary black shale, yield a whole rock isochron with an age of 354 ± 49 Ma. This age is in agreement with the accepted age ...Depositional and diagenetic processes play important roles in controlling the fabric and petrophysical properties of black shales.In this study, an outcrop section of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale was studied through sedimentologic facies analysis, petrographic observations (both transmitted- and reflected-light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), and X-ray diffraction analysis to ...The specific surface area and pore volume of OM in black shales follow a parabolic pattern with increasing thermal maturity (quantified via vitrinite reflectance, Ro). The initial increase reflects development of OM-hosted pores, and the subsequent decrease is due to denser stacking of aromatic units in the macromolecular structure of OM, with ...Whole rock Hf isotope systematics of black shales from the Australian Pilbara craton, selected to exclude detrital zircon components, are employed to evaluate the evolution of the Archean crust ...

Shale gas refers to natural gas that typically accumulates in an adsorbed or unbound state, which is mainly found in black shale or carbonaceous shale (Curtis 2002; Chen et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2003, 2004, 2007; Li et al. 2007).The shale gas in North America is developing very rapidly with the breakthrough of horizontal wells and the …At Dotternhausen (Fig. 5), oil shales near the base of Member II (e.g., the Koblenzer, Hainzen, and Fleins) have greater values of ε 205 Tl than the black shales (i.e., the Tafelfleins and Seegrasschiefer) of Member I, which suggests the global expansion of oxygen-minimum zones and anoxic water masses in the marine realm (Them et al., 2018).

Lacustrine black shales are widely developed within the Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation (k 2 n) of the Songliao Basin. These black shales provide an ideal natural laboratory for reconstructing the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during the Late Cretaceous in Northeast China and have great significance in the exploration for …Black shales are in broad terms composed of mineral and organic—kerogenous—matrix, whereas black primarily refers to any kind of organic matter (OM—humic, sapropelic, bituminous, graphitic) that provides the rock its color, and shale refers to fissile fine-grained sedimentary rock. Grain size is very fine and sedimentologically they could ...Locations of samples of black shales with critical mineral geochemistry (Granitto and others, 2017) were used as an evidential layer to calculate prospectivity models for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization as described in Lawley and others (2022). Data are provided from samples collected across the world but only samples located in the United States, Canada and Australia were analyzed for ...Using CO2 flooding of coals as a model, the large component of adsorbed natural gas in organic-rich shales suggest that black shale might be an attractive ...It was shown that the contents of Ni, Mo, and Co in the siliceous clay black shale rocks of the normal sections of the Bazhenov Formation are several times higher than the global mean contents of these elements in black shales. These rocks have the highest contents of pyrite and organic carbon and show evidence for strongly reducing formation conditions at the slowest background rate of ...New and existing Mo isotope data from early Cambrian black shales in South China span a range of greater than 3‰, which can only be explained by multi-stage fractionation of Mo isotopes. The ...Jan 1, 2013 · Black Shales are fine grained, generally organic carbon-rich sedimentary rocks that primarily consist of a mixture of clay minerals, quartz silt, organic particles (mostly planktonic algae and plant debris), and kerogen. They may also contain variable amounts of disseminated finely crystalline calcite and dolomite, as well as phosphate ... Weathering of metalliferous black shales has been reported as one of the most potential sources of elevated levels of trace elements in terrestrial and aquatic environments (e.g., Chon et al. 1996; Peng et al. 2004; Lavergren et al. 2009a).This is mainly due to the fact that black shale contains high contents of metal sulfides and …The black shales, named metalliferous shales, are easily identified with their enrichment in some metallic elements [3, 23]. Because the content of Al 2 O 3 is generally low, we will make mix information when using the formula with Al normalized ( ⁠ X EF = X / Al sample / X / Al NASC ⁠ ), where X is the element of interest and NASC is the ...USGS Publications Warehouse. Tonight I will try to present to you the chief facts we have observed that have a bearing on the old problem of how the black shales originated. Some of the ideas have been used before, and some are new. Some of those that have been used before, have been used to support arguments for both shallow and deep water ...

Using CO2 flooding of coals as a model, the large component of adsorbed natural gas in organic-rich shales suggest that black shale might be an attractive ...

The ore-forming role of black shales is discussed. Correlation of their distribution with high phosphorus and manganese concentrations is shown. Associations of black shales, phosphorites, and manganese ores are described. A mechanism is proposed for explaining their co-occurrence in natural environments. It is emphasized that back shales serve as not only ore-forming sequences, but also ore ...

Sep 19, 2018 · We present δ60Ni values for black shales, determined by double-spike MC-ICP-MS. The samples comprise Paleoproterozoic Talvivaara Ni–Zn–Co–Cu black shales from Finland, Neoproterozoic black shales from the Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Czech Republic, Early Cambrian Ni–Mo-rich black shales from the Yangtze Craton, and Devonian Ni–Zn–PGE black shales from Yukon, Canada. In addition, the ... ... black shales are investigated through x-ray microCT digital image analysis. Results show that black shale permeability is controlled mainly by pore size ...May 30, 2006 · The Lower Cambrian black shale sequence of the Niutitang Formation in the Yangtze Platform, South China, hosts an extreme metal-enriched sulfide ore bed that shows >10,000 times enrichment in Mo, Ni, Se, Re, Os, As, Hg, and Sb and >1,000 times enrichment in Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd, when compared to average upper continental crust. We report in this paper trace- and rare-earth-element concentrations ... The microscopic pore throat structure of shale reservoir rocks directly affects the reservoir seepage capacity. The occurrence and flow channels of shale gas are …An indicative classification of black shales can be compiled based on the literature that refers to the degree of commodity metal accumulation (Table 1).Vine and Tourtelot (1970) set the threshold of metalliferous black shales’ (MBS) definition above the 90th percentile of a metal concentration in given dataset, whereas the final classification depends on the frequency (percentage) of ...Jan 23, 2018 · Shale samples were divided into 7 groups, each group had two samples. The “No saturation” group was set as the control group. During adsorption, the pressure of each high-pressure container was controlled by a Model 500D syringe pump with a precision of 1 kPa. The Mecca Quarry Shale Member from Velpen, Indiana contains abundant vanadium which occurs in solid solution within illite-rich illite-smectite (I-S) having an average content of 1.65 wt. % V, and an overall composition of K0.8(Al2.8Mg0.5Fe0.4V0.3)(Si7.2Al0.8 g)O20(OH)4, analogous to the V-rich dioctahedral mica, roscoelite. The illite contains more than twice as much V as the associated ...Here we investigated the redox-sensitive elements and Fe speciation of the black shales that were deposited in basin facies from Doushantuo Formation in South China, which proxy the redox condition of deep water in Nanhua basin during most of the Ediacaran period. In addition, the enrichment mechanism of trace elements also provided new ...The black shale samples analyzed in this study originate from marginal marine sediments deposited from ∼2.66-2.084 Ga. South African samples cover a drill core depth of 85-2,440 m, with ages constrained to ∼2.66-2.32 Ga. The oldest originate from the Bothaville Formation, a part of the protobasinal rocks of the Ventersdorp Supergroup. ...

The Upper Cambrian Alum Shale of Scandinavia and the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany are potential targets for shale gas extraction (Horsfield et al., 2010).Five overmature black shale samples from the Alum Shale of Bornholm, Denmark (Schulz et al., 2015) and the Posidonia Shale of the Hils Syncline (Rullkötter et al., 1988), …May 1, 2019 · Black shales are sedimentary rocks containing > 0.5% of organic carbon. They host polymetallic deposits which have been mined for Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, P, Mo, V, U, Au and PGE (platinum group elements ... A possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ...Vanadium-rich black shales: organic-rich marine shales enriched in vanadium. These vanadium deposits are commonly associated with marine oil shales and phosphorite deposits. Vanadium deposits in black shales are known to occur in the United States (Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, Illinois, Indiana and Montana), Australia, Madagascar, Colombia and ...Instagram:https://instagram. big bo's rvbig 12 championship game baseballk state volleyball campbest torque amiibos In Deep Sea Sediment A, the MoMo distances are significantly longer than in molybdenite. Among the black shales, only the Marl Slate displays a MoMo distance suggestive of some MOS2. Table 3 presents Mo K-edge EXAFS results for some synthetic materials. jayhawk gearexamples of phrase structure rules The Ohio Shale is subdivided into seven recognizable units: Cleveland Shale, Three Lick Bed, Upper, Middle, and Lower Huron, Olentangy, and Rhinestreet. The Olentangy and Rhinestreet black shales correspond to the Java Formation of West Virginia, and thin and pinch out westward. A summary of reservoir data for the Big Sandy Gas tulane tennis Black shales from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (South China) have V hyper-enrichments in non-euxinic samples with lower Mo concentrations (<15 μg/g) (Ostrander et al., 2019) than those found in upper Unit 4 of the Kettle Point Formation. Hence, hyper-sulfidic water column and pore water conditions may not be required to produce V hyper ...The black shales formed in an anoxic environment caused by organisms, and the deposits were affected by hydrothermal fluids (Li, 2019). In summary, the ore-forming elements in mineral deposits from the lower Cambrian black shales of South China were mainly supplied by seawater and hydrothermal fluids, and biological activity was …